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Path Selection for the Upgrading of the "World's Factory"
Uncertainty in the recovery of external demand and potential for improvement in domestic demand
In 2024, the demand for China's manufacturing industry exhibited the dual characteristics of a recovery in external demand and a weakening in domestic demand. The growth rate of exports rebounded to a positive range year-on-year. However, the year-on-year growth rate of the total retail sales of social consumer goods (retail sales) slowed down compared with that in 2023. Overall, both internal and external demands remained in a weak recovery state over the years.

Development History of China's Steel Industry
In 1949, the supply of steel was seriously insufficient. In 1950, the self-sufficiency rate of steel was only 50%. Only more than 100 types of Steel Could be smelted and more than 400 specifications of steel could be rolled. In 1978, the self-sufficiency rate of steel increased to 72.7%, and one-third of foreign exchange was used to import steel.